Editor's Column
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Forest Facts
Some 1.5 billion trees are planted in the U.S. every year, about 5 trees for every American.

Annually, U.S. forestland owners plant about 6 trees for every tree harvested.

About one-third of America's original forest - some 300 million acres - have been converted to other uses, principally agriculture.

There are 26 million more acres of forestland in the Northeast than there were in 1900.

Today, forests blanket about one-third of the U.S. land base and about half the U.S. East.

U.S. annual growth rates have exceeded harvest rates since the 1940's.

Timber harvesting is forbidden on 50% of all National Forest lands in the U.S.

National Forests account for 20% of the nation's forestlands and 19% of its timberlands.

National Forests hold 46% of the nation's softwood timber inventory but only provide 6% of the annual harvest.

Since 1986, the harvest of timber from America's national forests has declined 70%.

In the West, 34% of all forestland and 54% of all timberlands are in national forests.

National forests in the Pacific Coast and Intermountain West regions hold 68% of the nation's softwood timber inventory, but provide less than 28% of annual harvest.

Forest density has increased 40% in the U.S. over the last 50 years.

Flying Finns
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Sponsors & Literature Cited

The following organizations, companies and individuals helped underwrite this edition of “The Truth About America’s Forests”:

Lematta Foundation
Caterpillar Corporation
Center Lumber & Hardware Co.
Fruit Growers Supply Co.
International Forest Products
Levanen, Inc.
Morbark, Inc.
New England Forestry Consultants
Northern Crossarm Co., Inc.
Washington Contract Loggers Assn.
Reforestation Services, Inc.
Stratton Lumber, Inc.
Timber Products Company
Weyerhaeuser Company Foundation
Madison Lumber & Hardware, Inc.
Boise – International Falls, MN
Wisconsin Society of American Foresters
Arledge Logging & Timber
Bailey’s
Bailey Timberlands
Barclay Family, LLC
Barkell Trucking, Inc.
Curtis H. Bauer
Kimal Lumber Co.
California Forestry Association
Ron Blackwelder
Judy Boling
A.B. Logging, Inc.
Longview Fibre Co.
John Bradfield
George E. Bradshaw
Arch Wood Protection
Baillie Lumber Co.
Fiber Industry Consultants, Ltd.
Temple-Inland FPC
Clifford M. Bryden
F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Co.
John R. Cain
Dennis J. Caird & Associates
True & Liane Carr
Mill River Lumber, Ltd.
Smurfit Stone Container Corporation
Big Walluski Tree Farm
Harry Clark
Wagner Forest Management
Dana H. Collins
Pine River Lumber Co., Ltd.
Blaine L. Cornell
American Forest & Paper Association
Lithia Motors
DePratu Ford
Dodson’s Logging
Charles K. Doolittle, Inc.
Allen Dummler
Sierra Forest Products
Egolf Forest Harvesting, Inc.
Idaho Forest Products Commission
Montana Wood Products Association
E Tree Farms
Fallon Logging Co., Inc.
Multiple Use Association
Brooks Manufacturing Co.
Alan C. Goudy
Grau Logs & Lumber, Inc.
Mountain Fir Chip Company
Steve Gress Forestry Services
Bill Hallstrom
John O. Halvorsen
Washington Farm Forestry Association
H & H Transport
Future Forestry Products, Inc.
Western Wood Preservers Institute
Denver Reel & Pallet Co.
Clark Hofmann
Holce Logging Co., Inc.
Michael B. Huddleston
Russ Hudson
Huffman Logging, Inc.
Mary Lou & J.R. Hulbert
Bridger Forest Products
Owens & Hurst Lumber Co.
Tigercat Industries, Inc.
Leigh Johnson
California Redwood Products
Kearney Logging & Sawmill, Inc.
Kelly Logging, Inc.
James Klesack
Bally Block Company
Menasha Forest Products Corporation
Leaman Foundation
Richard & Jakie Lewis
A.W. Madden, Inc.
Stephen F. Madden Logging
Fox Hill Co., Inc.
J.A. Martin
Wood Promotion Network
Forest Land Services, Inc.
Timber Data Co.
Ian McElroy Trucking
Rick Meyer
Marks-Miller Post & Pole, Inc.
Northeastern Loggers Association, Inc.
Three Rivers Timber, Inc.
Panel Center, Inc.
Jack A. Nelson
Boise – Boise, ID
Jim Nicholson
Darb Hill Tree Farm
Richard Norvell
Pine Marten Logging
Streamline Timber
Fir Acres Tree Farm
MeadWestvaco Corporation
Rodman H. Peil
Silver City Lumber, Inc.
Idaho Women in Timber
Oregon Overseas Timber Co.
Laura Rankin
Shamrock Enterprises
Plum Creek
Northern Arizona Loggers Association
Lanse Richardson
Robbins Lumber, Inc.
Roberts Timber Co., Inc.
Sage Custom Logging & Excavation
Jack Salter
Cotton-Hanlon, Inc.
F. June Schaertl
Garry Schmidt
Andy Shaney
Brad & Laura Sheehan
Columbia Forest Products
Brockway-Smith Company
Buse Timber & Sales
L.D. McFarland Company
IFA Nurseries, Inc.
Black Hills Power Equipment, Inc.
Studer Management Services
Rod Swanson
Maibec Industries, Inc.
Weyerhaeuser Co. – Long Beach, CA.
Templin Forestry, Inc.
Idaho Department of Lands
Dakota Craft, Inc.
Karamu Corporation
Florida Wood Council
Eric Wagner
Snow Peak Veneer Sales
Bearhaven Consulting
Kaiser Timber, Inc.
Karl F. Wenger
Lam-Wood Systems, Inc.
Westbrook Land & Timber, LLC
Jim V. White
W.F. Wieger
Quercus Forest Products
Sealaska Corporation
Low Country Forest Products, Inc.
California Forest Products Commission
Valley of the Rogue Dairy
Zuber, Inc.
Joseph Zylinsky

FORD MOTOR COMPANY

We are indebted to the Ford Motor Company, the Montana Ford Dealers Advertising Association, Depratu Ford, Whitefish, Montana and Timberline Auto Center, Libby, Montana for their ongoing support for our educational mission. We are also pleased to be driving a 2001 F-250 donated to the Foundation by the aforementioned.

LITERATURE CITED

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on ESA Consultation. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Region,
Ogden UT.

Boehne, PL, and R Gill. 1990. Tanner Gulch Fire Rehabilitation
Accomplishments Report, 1989 and 1990. USDA Forest Service, La
Grande Ranger District Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, La Grande
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Brassfield, R, J Brammer, J Carlson, J Christensen, S Phillips, B
Riggers, L Walch, and K Walker. 2002. Reducing Fire Risks to Save
Fish—A Question of Risk. A position paper by the Western Montana
Level I Bull Trout Team. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region,
Missoula MT.

Burton, T. 2000. Effects of Uncharacteristically Large and Intense
Wildfires on Native Fish: 14 Years of Observations. USDA Forest
Service, Boise National Forest, Boise ID.

Burton, TA, D Dether, J Erickson, J Frost, L Morelan, W Rush, J
Thornton, C Weiland, and L Neuenschwander. 1999. Resources at risk:
a fire-based hazard/risk assessment for the Boise National Forest, in
Proceedings from the Joint Fire Science Conference and Workshop,
June 15-17, Boise ID, L Neuenschwander and L Ryan, eds. University
of Idaho, Moscow and the International Association of Wildland Fire,
Fairfield WA.

Evenson, R, and P Hall. 1998. Appendix B: fish life history and stock
status, in South Cascades Late Successional Reserve Assessment.
USDA Forest Service, Umpqua National Forest and USDI Bureau of
Land Management, Roseburg District. Roseburg OR.

Farris, CA, C Pezeshki, and L Neuenschwander. 1999. A comparison of
fire probability maps derived from GIS modeling and direct simulation
techniques, in Proceedings from the Joint Fire Science Conference and
Workshop, June 15-17, Boise ID, L Neuenschwander and L Ryan, eds.
University of Idaho, Moscow and the International Association of
Wildland Fire, Fairfield WA.

Gresswell, RE. 1999. Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes
of North America. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:
193-221.

Harkins, KC, P Morgan, L Neuenschwander, A Chrisman, A Zack, C
Jacobson, and M Grant. 1999. The Idaho Panhandle National Forest’s
wildfire hazard-risk assessment, in Proceedings from the Joint Fire
Science Conference and Workshop, June 15-17, Boise ID, L
Neuenschwander and L Ryan, eds. University of Idaho, Moscow and
the International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield WA.

Hill, BT. 1999. Western National Forests: A Cohesive Strategy is
Needed to Address Catastrophic Wildfire Threats. Report to the
Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on
Resources, House of Representatives. GAO/RCED-99-65. U.S.
General Accounting Office, Washington DC.

Hill, BT. 2001. The National Fire Plan: Federal Agencies are not
Organized to Effectively and Efficiently Implement the Plan. Report to
the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on
Resources, House of Representatives. GAO-01-1022T. U.S. General
Accounting Office, Washington DC.

Kitzhaber, J. 2001. The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds.
Governor’s Natural Resource Office, Capitol Building, Salem.

Laverty, L, and J Williams. 2000. Protecting People and Sustaining
Resources in Fire-adapted Ecosystems: A Cohesive Strategy. April 13
draft response to GAO report GAO/RCED-99-65. USDA Forest
Service, Washington DC.

Laverty, L, J Williams, and M Dombeck. 2000. Protecting People and
Sustaining Resources in Fire-adapted Ecosystems: A Cohesive
Strategy. October 13 final response to GAO Report GAO/RCED-99-65.
USDA Forest Service, Washington DC.

McIntosh, BA, J Sedell, J Smith, R Wissmar, S Clarke, G Reeves, and
L Brown. 1994. Management History of Eastside Ecosystems: Changes
in Fish Habitat Over 50 Years, 1935 to 1992. General Technical Report
PNW-GTR-321. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research
Station, Portland OR.

McMahon, TE, and D deCalesta. 1990. Effects of fire on fish and
wildlife, in Natural and prescribed fire in Pacific Northwest Forests, J
Walstead, S Radosvich, and D Sandberg, eds. Oregon State University
Press, Corvallis.

Meffe, GK, and CR Carroll. 1997. Principles of Conservation Biology.
Second edition. Sinaur Associates, Inc., Sunderland MA.
Morris, J. 2000. Defining the precautionary principle, in Rethinking Risk
and the Precautionary Principle, J Morris, ed. Butterworth-Heinemann,
Woburn MA.

Nehlson, W, JE Williams, and JA Lichatowich. 1991. Pacific salmon at
the crossroads: stocks at risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and
Washington. Fisheries 16(2): 4-21.

New, DA. 2001. Comments on the DEIS for the Boise National Forest,
Payette National Forest, and Sawtooth National Forest Plan Revision.
Boise Cascade Corporation, Boise ID.

ODFW. 1995. 1995 Biennial Report on the Status of Wild Fish in
Oregon. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland.
Quigley, TM, and H Bigler Cole. 1997. Highlighted Scientific Findings of
the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. General
Technical Report PNW-GTR-404. USDA Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station and USDI Bureau of Land Management,
Portland OR.

Rieman, BE, D Lee, D Myers, and G Chandler. 1997. Does wildfire
threaten extinction for salmonoids? Responses of redband trout and
bull trout following recent large fires on the Boise National Forest, in
Proceedings of the Conference: Fire Effects on Threatened and
Endangered Species and Habitats, November 13-16, Coeur d’Alene ID,

J Greenlee, ed. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield WA.
Rieman, BE, D Lee, R Thurow, P Hessburg, and J Sedell. 2000. Toward
an integrated classification of ecosystems: defining opportunities for
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Schmidt, KM, J Menakis, C Hardy, W Hann, and D Bunnell. 2002.
Development of Coarse-scale Data for Wildland Fire and Fuel
Management. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-87. USDA Forest
Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden UT.

USDA. 2000. Boise, Payette and Sawtooth National Forests Draft
Environmental Impact Statement: Southwest Idaho Ecogroup Forest
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Ogden UT.

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Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents within
the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl. USDA Forest Service and
USDI Bureau of Land Management, Portland OR.
USDA and USDI. 2000. Managing the Impact of Wildfires on
Communities and the Environment, A Report to the President in
Response to the Wildfires of 2000. Secretaries of Agriculture and of

Interior, Washington DC.
USDI. 2002. Draft Recovery Plan for the Bull Trout in the Conterminous
United States: Salmon River Recovery Unit, Idaho. USDI Fish and
Wildlife Service, Idaho State Office, Boise.

Williams, JE, J Johnson, D Hendrickson, S Contreras-Balderas, JD
Williams, M Navarro-Mendoza, D McAllister, and J Deacon. 1989.
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concern: 1989. Fisheries 14(6): 2-20.

 

EVERGREEN FOUNDATION

The Evergreen Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation dedicated to the advancement of science-based forestry and forest policy. We publish Evergreen Magazine periodically to keep Foundation members and others abreast of our research. Funding comes from members and others public and private sector non-profits that share our commitments to science and education. You may contact us by mail, P.O. Box 1290, Bigfork, Montana, 59911; by e-mail jim@evergreenmagazine.com; or by telephone [406] 837-0966.

 

"We must always consider the environment and people together, as though they are one, because the
human need to use natural resources is fundamental to our continued presence on earth."
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